- Dual-use technologies refer to innovations developed for civilian or commercial purposes that can also be weaponized or repurposed for military and strategic conflicts. - Examples include artificial intelligence, quantum computing, biotechnology, commercial drones, and advanced semiconductor chips. - The integration of commercial tech in modern warfare blurs the line between combatants and civilians, raising complex International Humanitarian Law (IHL) challenges. - Ethical dilemmas involve accountability, autonomous decision-making in weapons, data privacy, and the risk of escalation through proliferation. **Introduction** This article examines the strategic, legal, and ethical dimensions of dual-use technologies—such as AI, biotechnology, and advanced communication tools—that serve both civilian and military functions, fundamentally altering modern warfare and regulatory frameworks. **Core Issue and Detailed Points** - Dual-use technologies refer to innovations developed for civilian or commercial purposes that can also be weaponized or repurposed for military and strategic conflicts. - Examples include artificial intelligence, quantum computing, biotechnology, commercial drones, and advanced semiconductor chips. - The integration of commercial tech in modern warfare blurs the line between combatants and civilians, raising complex International Humanitarian Law (IHL) challenges. - Ethical dilemmas involve accountability, autonomous decision-making in weapons, data privacy, and the risk of escalation through proliferation.