The article discusses the structural challenges facing India's food security system, including over-concentration on rice and wheat, fiscal pressures of buffer stocking, and vulnerabilities to climate change. It outlines pathways to build a more resilient, diversified, and sustainable food security architecture. - **Public Distribution System (PDS):** India's primary subsidized food and commodity distribution network managed jointly by the Centre and States, ensuring food security and price stabilization for vulnerable populations. - **National Food Security Act (NFSA):** Landmark 2013 legislation providing legal entitlements to subsidized food grains to approximately 67% of India's population. - **Food Corporation of India (FCI):** The nodal central agency responsible for procuring food grains at Minimum Support Prices, maintaining buffer stocks, and distributing them to states. **Introduction** The article discusses the structural challenges facing India's food security system, including over-concentration on rice and wheat, fiscal pressures of buffer stocking, and vulnerabilities to climate change. It outlines pathways to build a more resilient, diversified, and sustainable food security architecture. **Core Issue and Detailed Points** - India's current food security system heavily relies on wheat and paddy procurement through Minimum Support Prices (MSP), leading to ecological stress, over-reliance on a few states, and heavy fiscal burdens. - Climate change poses severe threats to agricultural productivity, necessitating a shift towards climate-resilient, diversified cropping systems (such as millets, pulses, and oilseeds). - Reforms in buffer stock management, decentralized storage, and leveraging digital technology can minimize post-harvest losses and improve supply chain efficiency. - Enhancing nutritional security alongside caloric security requires revamping the Public Distribution System (PDS) and expanding the inclusion of nutritious coarse grains. **Key Statutory Bodies, Acts & Concepts** - **Public Distribution System (PDS):** India's primary subsidized food and commodity distribution network managed jointly by the Centre and States, ensuring food security and price stabilization for vulnerable populations. - **National Food Security Act (NFSA):** Landmark 2013 legislation providing legal entitlements to subsidized food grains to approximately 67% of India's population. - **Food Corporation of India (FCI):** The nodal central agency responsible for procuring food grains at Minimum Support Prices, maintaining buffer stocks, and distributing them to states.