- The article discusses the significance of Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) in India's biodiversity conservation framework, moving beyond traditional protected areas. - OECMs recognize areas outside protected areas that achieve positive, sustained long-term outcomes for in-situ biodiversity conservation. - The establishment of networks like the India Biodiversity OECM Conservation Network highlights community-led conservation, sacred groves, and indigenous land management practices. - Integration of OECMs helps India meet global biodiversity targets (such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework) while balancing developmental and local livelihood needs. - **Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs):** Geographically defined areas other than protected areas that achieve positive, sustained long-term outcomes for in-situ biodiversity conservation, such as community-managed lands, sacred groves, and biodiversity parks. - **India Biodiversity Oecm Conservation Network:** An emerging collaborative initiative and institutional framework in India involving the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, NBA, and UNDP to identify, document, and map non-protected conservation sites. **Introduction** The article highlights the crucial role of Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) in expanding India's biodiversity conservation paradigm beyond conventional protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. By acknowledging community-managed landscapes, sacred groves, and indigenous practices, OECMs provide a decentralized pathway to achieve global biodiversity targets while safeguarding local livelihoods. **Core Issue and Detailed Points** - The article discusses the significance of Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) in India's biodiversity conservation framework, moving beyond traditional protected areas. - OECMs recognize areas outside protected areas that achieve positive, sustained long-term outcomes for in-situ biodiversity conservation. - The establishment of networks like the India Biodiversity OECM Conservation Network highlights community-led conservation, sacred groves, and indigenous land management practices. - Integration of OECMs helps India meet global biodiversity targets (such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework) while balancing developmental and local livelihood needs. **Key Statutory Bodies, Acts & Concepts** - **Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs):** Geographically defined areas other than protected areas that achieve positive, sustained long-term outcomes for in-situ biodiversity conservation, such as community-managed lands, sacred groves, and biodiversity parks. - **India Biodiversity Oecm Conservation Network:** An emerging collaborative initiative and institutional framework in India involving the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, NBA, and UNDP to identify, document, and map non-protected conservation sites.