- India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) aims to establish a comprehensive semiconductor and display ecosystem in the country. - ISM 2.0 focuses on expanding support to compound semiconductors, packaging, sensor technologies, and design infrastructure. - Critical challenges include high capital intensity, supply chain vulnerabilities, water and power requirements, and specialized talent shortage. - Strategic importance spans across national security, self-reliance (Aatmanirbhar Bharat), and reducing import dependence on electronics. - **India Semiconductor Mission:** A specialized division within the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) designed to build a vibrant semiconductor and display ecosystem in India, driving domestic manufacturing and technological self-reliance. - **India Semiconductor Mission 2.0:** The enhanced subsequent phase of India's flagship semiconductor initiative aimed at expanding support to advanced packaging, equipment, raw materials, specialty gases, R&D, and skilling. - **Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology:** The nodal central government ministry responsible for policy formulation, promotion of electronics, and implementation of digital governance and technology missions like the ISM in India. **Introduction** An overview of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) and its next phase, focusing on boosting domestic manufacturing, supply chain resilience, advanced chip packaging, design, and strategic technological self-reliance for UPSC aspirants. **Core Issue and Detailed Points** - India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) aims to establish a comprehensive semiconductor and display ecosystem in the country. - ISM 2.0 focuses on expanding support to compound semiconductors, packaging, sensor technologies, and design infrastructure. - Critical challenges include high capital intensity, supply chain vulnerabilities, water and power requirements, and specialized talent shortage. - Strategic importance spans across national security, self-reliance (Aatmanirbhar Bharat), and reducing import dependence on electronics. **Key Statutory Bodies, Acts & Concepts** - **India Semiconductor Mission:** A specialized division within the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) designed to build a vibrant semiconductor and display ecosystem in India, driving domestic manufacturing and technological self-reliance. - **India Semiconductor Mission 2.0:** The enhanced subsequent phase of India's flagship semiconductor initiative aimed at expanding support to advanced packaging, equipment, raw materials, specialty gases, R&D, and skilling. - **Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology:** The nodal central government ministry responsible for policy formulation, promotion of electronics, and implementation of digital governance and technology missions like the ISM in India.