- India's marine fisheries are facing severe ecological and socio-economic stress due to overfishing, declining catch per unit effort, and climate change impacts. - The shift towards intensive commercial fishing and destructive fishing methods threatens long-term marine sustainability and the livelihoods of small-scale traditional fishers. - Addressing the crisis requires strengthening regulatory enforcement, reforming subsidies to discourage overcapacity, and adopting ecosystem-based fisheries management. **Introduction** The article examines the deteriorating health of India's marine fisheries, highlighting challenges such as overfishing, declining fish stocks, unsustainable practices, and threats to the livelihoods of coastal fishing communities, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable marine governance and ecosystem-based management. **Core Issue and Detailed Points** - India's marine fisheries are facing severe ecological and socio-economic stress due to overfishing, declining catch per unit effort, and climate change impacts. - The shift towards intensive commercial fishing and destructive fishing methods threatens long-term marine sustainability and the livelihoods of small-scale traditional fishers. - Addressing the crisis requires strengthening regulatory enforcement, reforming subsidies to discourage overcapacity, and adopting ecosystem-based fisheries management.